Alright, so when we talk about a precast concrete parking structure I want to go over real quick what we're talking about. What we're talking about is where all the horizontal and vertical members are precast concrete. So the main horizontal members are double Ts for the floor system and then the beams. Here you see an example of double Ts, double T width and depth vary depending on location, the availability of the forms in certain locations, and then also load and span. Same with the beams. Beam depth will vary based on span and width will vary based on form availability. We also have these spandrels. Spandrels can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. We can do multiple finishes in the face of the architecture in the precast and that's an attribute of precast that we can integrate architectural precast mix and finish, thin brick, form liners, or various shapes into a load-bearing member. We also do precast stairs and you'll see that on one of our projects. As far as vertical elements, the exterior walls can be load-bearing and again we can integrate architectural precast finishes and thin brick and whatnot into that and we can also provide them as shear walls on the exterior as necessary. Columns, multi-level, we can do up to four or five stories in a single piece. After that we stack them on top. The shape and the form is based on, again, local producers so there really isn't a standard shape or size for the industry. And then as far as interior walls along the ramp system, we'll use a light wall system. Here you see a vertical light wall system. We also have a horizontal light wall system and then perpendicular to that an interior shear wall as you can see in the center picture or exterior on the image. Now in high seismic areas, frames are more prevalent such as a K-frame or a post-tension frame as you will see on the California Street project or here in the Midwest, in seismic design category B, we'll use a post-tension rod moment frame system and that'll just help get the shear walls out of a job and provide more openness. So precast concrete is a high-performance material that integrates easily with other systems and inherently provide the versatility, efficiency, resiliency needed to meet the multi-hazard requirements and long-term demands of high-performance structures. So what is a high-performance parking structure? Well it's got to be versatile so you got to have aesthetic exterior options which we've already kind of addressed. You will see on our example case studies. Open floor plate layouts. An attribute of precast parking garages is that 60-foot clear span. The other dimensions usually driven by the double T width. 36 to 48 foot column span in that direction is very common. You'll see where we go even greater than that. Multi-use building applications now with mixed-use projects being prevalent. The ability of precast to support heavier line loads or heavier floor loads is very important to make projects a reality. As far as efficiency, you need to be able to minimize the site disturbance and the impact during construction. We're doing more and more projects with tighter job sites and you just want to keep it safe and you want to be able to get to the end-user as fast as you can. So you use accelerated construction and now with the limitations of the labor force reducing construction trades has been more and more important to our customers. The resiliency of the structure is important. Precast concrete is very durable. We use 8,000 psi concrete normally and so that leads to a long service life. We also continually to advance the connections to make them more and more hidden and protected from the elements. Safe multi-hazard protections usually built into our structures such as fire. You'll see some fire separation walls on our Fort Wayne case study. We can also design for blast, design for FEMA shelter loading, which is more and more prevalent here in the Midwest. Expandable, you should be able to expand your garage horizontally and vertically if so desired and that can easily be designed into a precast structure and then you want to be able to minimize the lifecycle costs of the structure as a whole so you can be a friend of the environment. Here's an example of a high-performance award-winning parking garage up in the Detroit area. The Z parking garage you can see that this is a total precast garage. That facade is actually all precast. You can see how they scaled it to where the eight-story garage kind of gets scaled down to make it more friendly to the user. You can also see precast stair and elevator there in the corner and the precast stair and landing systems work well with the open glass glazing. Here in Hartford, Connecticut, now with the form liners that we can use in 3D imaging, the ability to shape and form the precast concrete is just giving architects a wider palette to do things unique and to kind of create a signature structure as you see on this garage. You can also be more traditional here a garage in Punta Gorda, Florida. You see the thin brick, you see the cornices, just the main things that you know precast concrete can really fit into the environment that it's meant to so it doesn't stand out and so that doesn't look like a parking garage. You can also have the aesthetics as far as a library parking garage here in Kansas City. They wanted to make sure you knew that that garage is for the library so they used the wall panels and supported some metal panels that look like a stack of books and they carry that book motif to the stair which is precast concrete at the entrance. We also again supporting multi-use. This was the expansion of the new Yankee Stadium in New York. This site had a park on it. They needed it for parking so the condition was you can create a parking garage but on top of that garage you have to replace our park so that track and that field are on top of a three-level garage. Picture of it. There you can see the three stories underneath with the thin brick cast in and also you had to support planters and some plaza area just to make it an entrance to the stadium. We also do consolidated car rental facilities. This one in Logan Airport is unique in many ways. It's very large, 5,000 spaces, four levels. It's also the first application of load-bearing terra-cotta panels. It's also the first 60 foot by 60 foot base spacing which is very important for the rental car agencies that they have maximum flexibility for their operations. In order to do that they designed an H-frame system that handled the lateral load resisting elements. Here's an example of that garage on the inside. You can see how open it is, how there's no shear walls that are in the way of the operations. You also can add to existing parking also at Logan Airport. They had an existing structure that you need to add three more levels to it while keeping everything open and operational. So the first phase was to restore the first two levels of the existing structure and then to add the additional three levels and all precast and part of that was to create a new precast facade that included an H-frame system to handle new upper levels. And now we're going to roll into our case study with me and Jim Hoke. Hey Jim. Thanks Corey, I appreciate it. To reintroduce myself, my name is Jim Hoke and we're the architects of record for this project in Fort Wayne, Indiana. And let me give you a little bit of background. It's a large city block facility. It was a public-private partnership between the city of Fort Wayne and some private development members of the project. It was very catalytic in its location, just what it meant to the city as far as future development. So design was very very important and be successful. It had to meet budget and it had to meet the constraints of multiple owners and funds that were going to be available for the project. So the incorporation of streetscape, art, restaurants, commercial parking, business, and residential created a large mixed-use project for this Midwestern city. It was situated on a majority of a 400 by 350 foot city block and there was one remaining building, you can see in the upper left hand corner of the site plan, that was going to remain in operation. And that had a lot to do with with the choice of precast for the garage component. Now a little bit more about the background. There are several components of the project. First, the Skyline Garage. It was approximately a 42 million dollar investment, about 1,100 parking spaces, had a lower level and then five above grade levels. We had, you'll see later on, the cores, the stair and the elevator shafts were cast in place. That was an integral portion of the the lateral and the sheer values that were contributing to the design of the the precast garage. As well as the garage, we had the Ash Skyline Plaza, which sat atop the garage. So essentially we had a podium. This was a 70 million dollar investment. These were level six, seven, eight, and nine. It was approximately a hundred thousand square feet and the completion was about five to six months after the completion of the garage. And then in inside the garage and ringing it was a ground-level retail, consisted of a YMCA, bank, restaurants, about 21,000 square feet of retail space. And then you can see in the in kind of the back of this photo there was a Skyline residential tower. So another 44 million or so dollars, 30,000 square feet of commercial, 123 apartments in 12 levels. So quite a all-consuming mixed-use project for our city. Again, public and private partnerships, multiple ownerships and tenants, multiple funding sources. So it was really the combination of all these and the work that went into the very early development of the project is when we decided that precast was going to be an integral part of this. The accelerated project delivery, the multiple architects, engineers, the podium style that we were talking about. We thought the precast really proved the most valuable, cost-effective, timely solution to the project. Again, the project was delivered by a CM assist on the public side and it was a negotiated GC. So again, we even had delivery components that were different, so quite complex. Again, an integrated design process, multiple iterations of design solutions. You can only imagine, you know, in the very beginning all these players. So the correlation of budget, schedule, all the funding agents coming together and coinciding for a final scope of the project was challenging, but it worked. We had a short and fast design schedule of eight months. Project goals and scopes changed until the very last minute, so it was very, very adaptable. One of the features that we wanted to highlight very early on was the lighting capability of this garage. You can see that the garage is in behind a backlit perforated stainless steel panel with LED fixtures. It's multi-colors and it can be programmed, so you can get seasonal influences of colors, you know, whether it be Christmas or a holiday season and such, so it's kind of nice. The schedule, I'll lay this out for you, and it's really just to state the fact that it's not a linear schedule. There are a lot of multiple phases that we're working in correlation with each other. They're on top of each other. So the design public announcement in September, and we had primary development plan approval, which was a local approval authorities approval of project in February of 2014, and we followed up very quickly with a site civil package to bid. So you can see the construction documents are following in behind the site civil groundbreakings. We're still doing construction documents, so that early correlation of cost and scope way up in that primary development plan date of February 2014 was critical, and we issued for bid around July, so all the construction had started with demolition, and then we were involved with Corey's group with the erection drawings in the bid package, and then also the FAB tickets. We worked on all the shop fabrication tickets and engineering with Corey's group. Sped the process up. Garage was open in January 2016, essentially a year and a half process. All right, so now I'll kind of go over the schedule as far as how we saw it. We bid the precast in July of 2014. We were awarded the project August 5th of 2014. We chose to use Hoke and Associates as our precast engineer, and that was critical for meeting this project schedule. As you can see, in October of that same year, three months later, the lower level is being excavated, piles drilled, and caps started, but also precast production started three months after award. And again, that was critical and it all worked because Hoke and Associates was able to carry through doing the precast engineering for us. So basically what happened, as Jim mentioned, there's a cast-in-place core that had to get constructed, and we built this project in quadrants. So quad A is lower right, quad B is lower left, quad C upper right, quad D upper left. So you can see that once the stair and elevator core in quad A was up to the podium level, that allowed us on February 12th to start precast erection. So now you can see our crane there in the footprint of the garage, and you can see they're now constructing the cast-in-place stair and elevator core for quad B behind us. On April 1st, we erected quad A. You can see that timed out perfectly for quad B stair and elevator core and cast-in-place being completed, and then we were able to erect quad B by May 5th, and now you can see a tower crane that's in place, and its job is to continue the construction of the cast-in-place stair and elevator core in A and in B. Eventually that'll support the steel. So there on June 20th, we finished quad C erection behind. You can see that the quad A cast-in-place stair and elevator core is done enough that they can support the steel erection going on. We will talk about more about the site access in just a little bit. On August 10th, we finished precast erection. So roughly seven months after we started, we were able to finish precast erection. You can see that the steel is already halfway constructed. If this job was a cast-in-place garage where they would have built each level above each other, you would never have been able to have that office tower halfway complete by the time the precast garage was complete. So then in October of that year, the steel was complete as far as erection, and then a few months later, five months later, the enclosures were complete, and they opened the garage to the public on May 9th, and then the office opened three weeks later. And then at that point, the residential construction started about three or four months later there in the upper left. So by June of 2017, the tower was at the plaza level, and then by November 2017, the framing was complete. And then just this past August, the residential tower opened, completing that project. All right, now Jim, let's go over some of the program requirements that Precast was able to meet. Yeah, one of the critical aspects of the project was saving construction time, and in the use of the Precast garage components, we were able to really fabricate off-site. And so while all the civil work was going on, the site, we had high water, we had a dewatering system that was very robust, we had a tremendous amount of soil to remove, so there's a lot of site earth retention, a lot of site work going on. All that while, we're fabricating the building, the podium for this project. So once that phase was completed, we erected immediately. Minimal disruption to the existing law office in a tight urban spot. You know, we had six stories of lawyers in the corner of the site. We had to be mindful of how we drilled footings, you know, how we erected the parking garage. So it was really, it was very systematic. We had a very organized delivery, and I remember the queuing up of your trucks, and the lifting, and the picks. It was very organized. They actually became great friends at the end of the project, so helped us open it up. So very, very timely in its delivery. You know, just to give you the magnitude, a thousand 20-foot to 35-foot auger cast piles, equivalent of nearly five miles of pile foundations, very large pile caps, steel cages that took the load of the garage, and then the steel frame offices above. You know, again, five levels of parking. There was a basement level as well. Worked well in conjunction with the retail space in front of the street level, as well as the parking for the adjacent residential. Yes, and as you can see in this picture, the way that the five stories of garage work is in the Quad C and D, so where that spandrel is, and that allowed that two-story space for Quad A and B for the retail that we're going to go into next. And more pictures of just how we bared the precast on the cast-in-place wall, some of the reinforcing that was in the pile caps and the footings, and then a final picture of that foundation or the basement parking. Yeah, we also designed in a street-level retail and truck access. It was the high bay area. We used it as a spine for a lot of the mechanical serving retail and the commercial offices on the streetscape. Yeah, one of the design challenges was that truck access area there. We had designed it for HS-20 loading, and so it's a very popular accessibility route for trucks and deliveries and for the bank that's in the retail area. Other things we had to do, we had to make sure that we had insulation, you know, so that, you know, you had cold above and warm below. So all the precast on this job was steel-topped with cast-in-place topping, but in conditions when we had to insulate, they would put down insulation on top of that topping slab and then pour a wearing slab on top. Yeah, for anyone that's thinking about the loads of the above commercial space, you know, we had some pretty sizable IT beams, temporary transfer beams, but they worked well and they gave a high degree of flexibility with the location of the steel frame above. Again, some photographs of the retail corporate offices. This is, I think, where the bank and the YMCA are located. So again, all that work's happening while, actually, the west half of the garage is being erected. So again, that schedule that you saw earlier of just overlapping phases really contributed to the success of the project. Here's an example of the beam condition above the retail. Because the precast was exposed in the retail, we again put the insulation above the precast, so on top of the wearing slab, and over the parking area, we didn't need to have that condition. So you can see how we stair-stepped the bearing of the double T's to create that transition so that on the parking level everything lined up. And then the support of four levels of steel frame construction in the plaza. So again, I mentioned earlier, we carried a lot of the frame up from the garage up into the steel frame, but again, there were some components of the framing pattern up above that had to have some flexibility built into it. That's where those transfer beams came into play. It was integral in making this all very timely in its erection. Additionally, in this project, we had a west half of the parking podium contained a large green roof. So we had an outdoor park area. They're planters, planted areas. I think it was 12 inches of soil, mainly through this general area. So in outdoor space, we were able to do adapt the precast to accept storm water, release the water very, very easily and efficiently. So it worked quite well. And for us in this area that we had 60 foot double T spans, so we basically had to use deeper double T's, 32 inch deep, and we had to clip them back all the way back to the edges of the stems, as you can see, in order to support the loads. Here's just another picture showing some of the loads that we had to support, the built-up wall that had to thank for. Okay, then additionally, you know, we had to, you know, from a code standpoint, we had to definitely be mindful of the fire codes. We had a lot of property lines in this project, not only on the site in this particular lower right-hand photograph is where the law office is set, but also with the apartment, you know, we have different groups in the code, you know, we've got to divide those with a firewall. So that's inherent in the product that we used in the precast. This is a vertical 60 foot panels, I believe, that were utilized and they gave us that fire separation between the properties. Not only did we have those in the site, we had those horizontally as well, so it really worked in a good way for us. And sometimes we had some large openings in that firewall, so here you can see we used the two columns and hung some wall panels in order to create that opening that was required. All right, so as far as the integrating with other structural systems, I'll run through that. We're used to working with a cast-in-place as far as foundations, but here we had to work with the basement retaining wall and the stair and elevator core being all cast-in-place. So our double T's bared on the cast-in-place retaining wall around the basement, so there was a ledge there we had to coordinate with and also our column set on pilasters, as you can see there. But having a stair and elevator core being completely cast-in-place was different for us, but it made complete sense since I had to carry all the way up through the office. So those cores were load-bearing for the precast as far as the beams and the double T's. In order to simplify the formwork for the cast-in-place, we provide embed plates for the double T bearing and welded on some angles afterward. The other part of that was not only was there precast on the outside of the stair and elevator cores, but there was precast inside the stair and elevator cores to, again, simplify their forming and to make it erect faster. So you can see here we had double T's and beams inside that core itself in order to speed up construction. We also had to coordinate around a CMU elevator core. The way we did that is we framed completely around it and they erected that elevator shaft all the way from the ground up, so maximum flexibility there. As far as the steel office framing above, basically our framing in that area was 45-foot, 30-foot, 45-foot, so it lined up. But once you got over near the plaza, things didn't line up. So we had to have these transfer beams that you can kind of see right here that were five feet deep and they ended up being some of the heaviest pieces on the job, about 80,000 pounds. But their job was solely to pick up the column lines from the steel above that did not line up with the garage. And that gave them flexibility for their office and it kept columns out of the parking stalls so that you can have optimal efficiency. But basically we wanted to line up the steel column with the precast column. As you can see in this picture, they line up. But we didn't constrain them to a box. They wanted to have a really interesting lobby area for their office building. You can see they cantilevered that past the structure. But the way they did that was they cantilevered it in the steel, on the first elevated level of steel, and then came down the steel columns that lined up with the precast columns. And you can see we had just a little bit of cantilever to deal with on the podium level. But again, a unique solution that worked out well for the project. As far as how the site was used during erection, you know, you had three major construction systems going on at the same time. You had the cast-in-place, the precast, and the steel. So we all had to stay coordinated. We basically worked our way to the upper left corner. The steel in those folks, they worked at the bottom. So you can see their trucks kind of rolling through there and also using the plaza area on top of the precast as a lay-down area. So again, just a lot of upfront coordination made it a success to where everybody could be efficient. And then again, once the steel was erected, they were using their tower crane and we were using our ground crane and we had to make sure our ground crane stayed clear of them. All right, so now Jim's gonna go into some of the precast integrating with the architectural system. Yeah, one of the things that we wanted to take advantage of was the ability to color the precast as well as give it some differentiation in its appearance. And you can see this, that we picked these elements and we created a form that we worked closely with Corey's group to produce and it came off pretty well. It kind of works in tandem with a metal panel. And then we also used a perforated stainless steel shrouding basically screen to cover the monolithic elements of the horizontal spandrel panels. What was also very simplified is this ability to connect this screen, this perforated screen that has quite a nice LED fixture, programmable light fixture in behind it so it's backlit. So it's become a feature of the downtown area but its ability to anchor directly to the spandrels. We were able to use this system in lieu of embeds. Again, it's kind of a schedule driven decision. So again, they're erecting this screen wall while a lot of the other garage components on the west side of the garage are being erected. Yeah, it was critical that that was a post applied connection. Structural supports in the storefront, the curtain wall system that carried down to the office building is a great level. The main entry was a big component as well. Again, we just worked in tandem together with a precast and just in support of this atrium space and then the steel as it kind of transitioned down to grade level created a nice effect. As far as the stairs, we did have two stair and elevator cores, or two stair cores that were precast. So we used precast stair and landing systems which were great for maintenance. It was great for erection, allowed our erection crews to gain access to all the upper levels. And they had one thing where the Hogan Associates wanted a vertical storefront ribbon of glazing on the stair tower, although we had to create a box. So we were able to recess that area of the precast and run the glazing past that. So just a way to give the architect the look that he needed while we still met the structural requirements that we had. Yeah, the correlation of the mechanical, electrical and plumbing. Again, a rooftop park, basically green space. All the 100,000 square feet of commercial offices above this podium, literally this podium, we were able to produce the box outs, the openings, the everything in the shop that the precast was being fabricated in. So that coordination of the engineering, it worked out very well. Well, at the end of the day, we've got 100,000 square feet of commercial office. We've got an 1100 car parking garage shrouded by a very beautiful programmable light fixture that it's backlighting this perforated panel. And then we've got all the retail, the restaurants, the commercial spaces at street level. It's been quite a boost to our economy and to our downtown area. All right, so now we're gonna pass it on to Jason Silva and Thomas Ketron to talk about California State University Garage No. 5. Okay, thank you. And thank you, Corey and Jim. That was a complex project and it showed so well the value of precast. I think, especially in this integrated context, you know, for the whole design team, as well as the owners and the end users. Nice job there. My name is Thomas Ketron with Clark Pacific. I'm joined today by Jason Silva from Dreyfus and Blackford. And we're gonna be presenting on the project here at Sacramento State University. And I'm gonna be talking about the project here at Sacramento State University. So this is a project that Clark Pacific and Dreyfus and Blackford pursued together in a collaborative design-build competition against other design-build teams. I'm gonna describe the project a bit and then Jason will drill down into the topic of achieving remarkable architecture with prefabricated systems. So Sacramento State has over 31,000 students. It's an urban campus with a growing enrollment and is going through a big growth spurt right now with several new building projects taking away significant areas of parking and creating even more demand for parking there on campus. So getting more parking quickly was paramount for the university, but so was the overall picture. The structure is located at the main campus entrance, immediately adjacent to the university's arboretum, which is a well-known fixture there at the campus. It has over 1,400 different species of trees, shrubs, and flowering plants from the temperate regions of the world. The program needs for the projects was to get 1,750 stalls of parking and develop an 18,000 square foot new welcome center there at the entrance to the campus. So like I mentioned, so the project is located at the entrance there with the arboretum and that was a key aspect for it. But the other top priorities here, as you see here, were speed of construction, minimizing impact to campus, safety and budget, and then really significant here was sustainability, which the owner and the entire team took very seriously on this project. From early on, we recognized the value of our offsite manufacturing and prefabricated building systems approach that would offer the owner and the campus. And presenting these overall values helped drive engagement and created the value that helped win the project. The owner's key priorities were cost, speed, resilience, and quality, and they were all met by the approach. We were able to reduce schedules, minimize campus disruption, improve the resilience, which we'll come back to, improve campus safety, and improve overall long-term lifecycle costs over conventional construction. This is a slide that makes this point that while site work is fundamental for prefabricated systems, while site work is completed, the structure is being manufactured offsite. These are photos of the components, columns, beams, spandrels, and double Ts being produced offsite. And then once the site is ready, we begin the construction, and you see here the structure was completed in six weeks. You begin to see some of the finishes there on the exterior that Jason will talk about. So the project overall was completed in 11 months, and that was three months ahead of the original schedule, again, really hitting the speed button for the campus and reducing the impacts that might otherwise have been there. This is a video showing just a time lapse of the project webcam we had onsite. And important here, you see just how few workers are coming onsite, and this was so important for the university, again, minimizing those impacts. And the project was completed in 11 months, 33% schedule savings on the original schedule, and moving 5,700 worker days offsite. That is, those were the jobs that would have otherwise been done on the campus that were moved to our plant, and that was really key for the university. Getting to sustainability, let me talk about ParkSmart. ParkSmart is the lead equivalent for parking. We know that self-standing parking structures don't gain LEED certification, so this system was initially developed independently, but it was eventually acquired, and now it's administered by the USGBC and GBCI. So the value of ParkSmart lies in encouraging sustainable methods, which are best practice, but also providing recognition for project teams and owners who take on these initiatives. Many of the credits are part of existing code. For example, California's green CalGreen requirements meet a number of the ParkSmart credits. This approach puts emphasis on sustainability from the very beginning as part of design rather than as a compliance matter, as you might find in other systems during construction. It really encourages a holistic, sustainable thinking from the very beginning. So we introduced really a new innovation in lighting and parking guidance on this project, one that the fixtures accomplished like great light spread and illuminance with a single run down the center of the double Ts down the drive aisle. And it positions the fixture in a perfect place to showcase the integrated parking guidance camera-based system. So you see that on the left-hand side there, there are some monument signs outside at the entries that show availability by attribute instead of just by level. So you see the different color coding. So residents have that blue and students and employees with the purple. And this combined system, if you're able to see it in the photograph here, you see color coding at the bottom of the light fixtures that direct drivers quickly to available parking. Another aspect on the sustainability really is the issue of resilience. I wanted to talk quickly about the U.S. Resiliency Council. Its mission is to establish and implement meaningful rating systems that describe the performance of buildings during earthquakes and other natural hazards to educate the general public to understand those risks and improve societal resilience. So they describe in their rating system the expected impacts from an earthquake. And the rating considers the performance of a building structure, its mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and architectural components such as cladding, windows, partitions, et cetera. And the rating system assigns one to five stars along the dimensions of safety, damage, which is expressed as a repair cost and recovery, which is expressed as a time to regain basic function. So like LEED, there are various levels of certification including platinum, gold, silver, certified, et cetera. Now the Sac State project is targeting a gold level rating and it will be the first parking structure to be rated by the organization. If you're interested in more information, please take a look at U.S. Resiliency Council's website, usrc.org for more information. So regarding resilience on the project, we introduced the precast hybrid moment frame as a solution for the university. This unique system is a post-tension special moment frame that is designed to rock and basically give the structure, rock and basically self-right after a seismic event. Now this high performing system is designed not only then for life safety, but for building safety and building longevity. And frankly, that's where we go here in this conversation, which is directed toward the sustainability because after a natural disaster, you don't have to tear down this building or it doesn't get red tagged and torn down. Rather, it'll be available for immediate occupancy, which is critical for some owners and others, especially here in California. And because that precast concrete is so flexible in its design, we're able to achieve some nice finishes on that, which we're gonna learn more about here shortly. So overall, the project was delivered in the 11 months within budget using the state-of-the-art vehicle guidance system that we introduced, the LED system. It's a resilient structure. And overall, the university was extremely pleased with it. And it's shown itself through some awards that it's really hitting the right spot, including awards at National Parking Association for Innovative Sustainability and within the California State University system itself for a best practice in construction delivery. ACI, not to mention PCI Design Award achieved recently. And so we have a ParkSmart certification is pending and the USRC rating is likewise pending. So with that, I'm gonna turn this over to Jason Silva, who was the designer of the project. Jason is a partner and design principal at Dreyfus and Blackford. Thanks, Thomas. Yeah, this was a project where what was important to us and is always important to us as architects is people and how we don't do architecture to, in this case, to store vehicles. We do it to serve people. And we need to make a space that people really enjoy and like using. And this is, let's walk into the project. I'm gonna dive down into our, rather fly overhead on some bigger things real quick, and then dive down into a few details in the remaining moments of our talk. So remarkable architecture through prefabrication. It's a process that we are doing more and more of where we're able to leverage the offsite fabrication and reduce the onsite labor so we can speed up the process onsite. But it also gives us a much higher level of quality and control over our materials, allowing us to leverage the materials, but it requires a lot of attention by starting early. Traditionally, concrete is one of the earliest materials that allows for a lot of opportunity. Our office has been doing work with precast for the, since I believe the 50s. And it's something that we've embraced a lot of innovation with. And we're doing a lot of projects currently that spread from many different markets, from office to education to infrastructure, as well as parking. And the way we approach parking is often a process that is, again, focused on the user. Now, when we look at facades, which is a typical way to look at precast, I just did a little search on Pinterest. And look, you get tons of different variations of how you can do form liners and how you can address the casting of these precast components. That is an opportunity. But we look further to how do we integrate systems into whether it's facades or it's into offsite constructed building components. So the ways to innovate and the ways to consider avoiding the, taking the status quo is to work closely with the precaster as early as you can. So architectural precast, fairly simple in terms of a form is built, whether it has form liner in it or it's just a steel form in this case, and the concrete is cast. But it also goes through a process where you're going to be doing finish work to it. You're going to be possibly including other components in it. Maybe it's window systems, maybe it's some additional things that you could speed up the process. And then you have to deliver that to the site and you have to place it on the structure or build the structure out of it. This brings us to also other things where we're dealing with early integration with the precaster to understand that when you create a form liner, you want to be able to look at it in terms of not just the end finish, but how you get there. The detail that it requires in form is something that can be fussy. And you want to make sure that the product is going to look right. And it's also going to be durable enough to make it all the way from the plant onto the building that minimizing the amount of work that has to be done on site. And then like many projects we do, we have it where the finish, the architectural side of it ends up getting value engineered or stripped from the scope of a project. The beauty behind the precast is that we have the ability to integrate it in to the structure. And that value is carried through the project. And it is something that can't necessarily be stripped off of, especially in the case of a parking garage. It gives us also the speed, which after erection of the garage, all the bits and pieces and all the architecture's already there in place. Now, when we're talking about a total precast structure, which is the double Ts, there's a couple other areas where it was important for us to challenge the status quo. And we, when you normally do a double T structure, the resounding response we get from clients is that they feel dark sometimes. They also feel like you're gonna hit your head because the amount of the double Ts, the stems that hang down, give the appearance that it's lower than the sort of post and beam with the hybrid or with the hybrid system with the post and beam and the cast in place slab. And so what we did is we pushed, in this case, the floor to floor height a little higher so that we have accessible stalls on all floors, but we also gain additional bright daylight space because we've elevated the height of that. As well, what's really important is painting all of the inside of the garage bright white. But design-wise, pushing the boundaries beyond that was, I had this big idea of, okay, well, let's, and working with my team, was how do we push up the spandrel on the outside to be able to allow more light in? Because the crash wall height is a requirement and we wanted to increase the amount of daylight into the space. So by the way that these are mounted with embeds hanging directly off the top of the spandrel, that allows for the, elevating the head of the opening higher, allowing much more light into it. And what that does architecturally is it also creates a very compelling aesthetic. There's a layering to it. And that is something that we're trying to celebrate, that rhythm in the design of the garage, which turned out to be one of its best features. We also have these little fins and louvers, our fins on the building that celebrate the arboretum that's adjacent. But then I also wanna talk about the form liner, which we worked very closely with Clark Pacific, trying to learn their means and methods, and also get it to where it is incredibly efficient. Because if it were our thing, we'd have completely varied form liners for the entire building, or we'd wanna be able to change it up everywhere. But Clark Pacific needed to be able to fit this into a very tight budget. So to do that, we worked through a process with them to get the best value coming out of the notion of a system of form liner. So taking the idea of the arboretum and the trees, we have to pixelate these things. This is a part of our aesthetic. We're not looking for something that is photo real, we're looking to create an abstraction. So we create an abstraction of a tree. Now, if you're doing a form liner, and you decided you wanted grays, well, grays become muddied, because if your variable is only sometimes, you know, an inch and a half or something like that, it's so subtle that the shadows won't pick it up. So you really have to get to something that's either binary, or that helps leverage the depth of that form to allow for shade and shadow, because that's what you're seeing. We're not changing colors on anything. Then we had a, we have columns and spandrels. We went with a consistent 24 foot base spacing on the whole building, allowing us to have a four foot column, four foot wide column, and a 20 foot spandrel. We took that four foot module, and we created an illusion with a form liner that varies the width of the flute across it to give the perception as if it's rounded. Then we carry that through across the spandrel to create almost a scalloping effect. That scalloping effect helped us also address the shadows that are, the additional shadows that are created by the depth of the panel, and how they're set back from the column. Then we added to that the, to create a sort of a tree bark pattern, we added another level of form liner to it. This tree bark pattern on the column, and then a leaf pattern on the spandrels. Now, this is only 3 1⁄4 of an inch deep total. So it's 3 1⁄4 on the flutes, and 3 1⁄8 of an inch on the randomized pattern. Now, here's the trick. Working with Clark Pacific, basically we had, we were down to two master forms. The way these are done is there's a master form that rubber molds are cast on that become the form liner. So we had two master molds that are 20 feet long. That meant that we had to figure out ways to create the cast form liners off of those, and still make them feel a bit like random. So we take the AB of the 20 foot guy and flip it over, that gives us 40 feet of space. Then we moved the layout of those form liners on the panels back and forth to create some variation between the different panel sizes. The same thing goes with the columns. We have a 20 foot, 20 foot form, master form, and we intended to have only the top 40 feet of that column to be with the form liner. So we took a 20 foot panel, the bottom six inches of that panel was a transition section that helped us cast in a nice clean transition to the flat. And then when we flip that guy over, we cut the six, actually we moved it up, we cut the six inches off. So we ended up with an available 39 foot, six inches of form liner all out of one master form. So we ended up with a spandrel master form and a column master form, and that's all we needed. That was driven by the project budget. And we also think that the variation it created is something that is very compelling and it met our desire aesthetically, as well as prevented the look of ordinary repetition across the building. So to recap on this, the important part here was to start really early. And also then there's another thing I haven't talked about, none of us talked about here is that working closely with an owner or the client to make sure that they know that this is not a replacement material. This is not something where we're coming in with cast in place design, and then you just simply make, you know, send it out to bid and go, well, it could be either. Then you're gonna end up with a lot of inferior product, like cast in place emulation, which is really not the goal of what we're trying to do here, because that actually adds time to the project because it's no longer leveraging the offsite fabrication. It's actually putting a lot of onsite time when you're grouting all this stuff together. So, and then looking for innovations. It's about starting early, challenging the possibilities, working with pre-casters, because it's our job here to bring sustainability and a better product to the market so that we can advance our world. And with that, we'd like to pass this back to our esteemed team here.

precast concrete

parking structures

design considerations

horizontal members

vertical members

double T's

load-bearing spandrels

architectural elements

seismic areas